International Journal Of Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Summer 2022

In this research, after grafting chitosan (CTS) using a mixture of itaconic acid (IA) and methacrylamide (MAm) monomers in the presence of 4, 4-azobis-4-cyanovaleric acid (ACV) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), adsorption isotherm and kinetics were investigated. The obtained results are consistent with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the endothermic and spontaneity of the adsorption process. On the other hand, due to the increase in entropy, the proper interaction of adsorbent and adsorbate was confirmed.

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has recently attracted the attention of chemists in the use of these materials as organic and inorganic composites. LDHs have relatively weak intra-layer bonds and so have a high ability to capture organic and inorganic ions. In this study, the superparamagnetic adsorbent as Fe@Mg-Al LDH was synthesized by different methods with two-step for the removal of heavy metal ions from water samples. An easy, practical, economical, and replicable method was introduced to remove water contaminants, including heavy ions from aquatic environments. For better separation, the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ligand was used, forming a complex with Hg2+ ions to create suitable conditions for the removal of these ions. This was treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ligand in another solvent-free procedure for the formation of a Fe@Mg-Al LDH. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) was utilized for determination of Hg2+. The effects of solution pH solution, elution conditions on pre-concentration of trace Hg2+ were studied and the effect of interfering ions was also investigated. Preconcentration factor was 100 .The method was successfully applied to the recovery of Hg2+ in different type of water samples.Hg2+ ions was studied by floating in aqueous environments with this superparamagnetic adsorbent due to effective factors such as pH, the amount of superparamagnetic adsorbent, contact time, sample temperature, volume, and ligand concentration.

In this study, adsorption of melphalan on the surface of single walled carbon nanotube was studied computationally. For this purpose, the structures of carbon nanotube, melphalan and the derived products from the interaction of melphalan with carbon nanotube at two different configurations were optimized geometrically. Then, IR and frontier molecular orbital calculations were implemented on them in the temperature range of 298-398 K at 10˚ intervals. The obtained thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy changes (ΔGf) and formation enthalpy alterations (ΔHf) have revealed that the adsorption of melphalan is exothermic, spontaneous, one-sided and experimentally feasible at the both evaluated configurations. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamic factors of the desired process was also inspected and the results indicate that 298.15 K is the best temperature for the carbon nanotube substitution on melphalan. The calculated specific heat capacity values have shown that the sensitivity of the produced carbon nanotube- melphalan derivatives to the heat and shock have declined significantly. Some HOMO-LUMO related parameters such as energy gap, electrophilicity, chemical hardness, maximum transferred charge index (ΔNmax) and chemical potential were also calculated and discussed in details.

The present method is a Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric (FAAS) method for determining of trace Cd(II) after adsorption by modified by 2-aminopyridine/graphene oxide nano-plates. modified by 2-aminopyridine/graphene oxide nano-plates has a good capacity to retain Cd(II), but raw and purified as graphene oxide nano-plates does not absorb Cd(II) ions. Graphite Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to determine Cd(II). The effects of solution pH, washing conditions on the trace preconcentration of Cd(II) were studied and the effect of interfering ions was also investigated. The preconcentration factor of 100 was obtained. The method was successfully used to recover Cd(II) in various water samples. modified by 2-aminopyridine/graphene oxide nano-plates in this study has a high potential to be used as an excellent adsorbent in a separation method such as dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE). The limit of detection of the proposed method is 20 μg l−1. The maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent under the optimum conditions has been found to be 5mg of Cd(II) per gram of sorbent. The relative standard deviation under the optimum conditions was 2.2% (n= 10).

Organophosphorus rodenticides are used non-systemically and with contact, digestive and penetrating effects to control a wide range of rodent and sucking pests in the agricultural industry, and by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, they disrupt the rodent's nervous system and destroy them. The findings of the experimental studies of this research (including the hydrophobicity parameter of some organic phosphorus compounds and the level of inhibition of the corresponding enzyme by these compounds as inhibitors) show that the toxicity of the compound decreases in exchange for an increase in hydrophobicity. Therefore, the design of hydrophilic organic phosphorus compounds produces a more lethal product, and on the contrary, a less effective product is obtained with hydrophobic alternatives. For a group of chemical compounds with specific biological properties, reliable equations can be obtained by using quantitative structure-activity relationships, which are effective in the design of new substances with the desired level of effectiveness.

The Biological and chemical properties of water in the Anzali International Wetland were estimated using multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithm(GA) and simulated annealing algorithm (SA) as optimization methods. The obtained results from MLR-MLR, SA-ANN and GA-ANN techniques were compared and a high predictive ability was observed for the GA-ANN model with the root-mean-sum-squared error (RMSE) of 0.0079 and 0.01535 in L. Claparedeianus and L. hoffmeisteri, respectively. The results obtained using the GA-ANN method indicated that abundance of L. Claparedeianus and L. hoffmeisteri in the Anzali International Wetland depends on different parameters, which include: that NH3 concentration, total nitrogen (TN), dissolved oxygen (DO), Sodium chloride (Sali), Nitrat (NO3), total phosphorus (TP), Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD), Total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) in water. In conclusion, the comparison of the quality of the ANN with different MLR methods showed that GA-ANN has a better predictive capability.